PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.